Kazem Laei; Hossein Hajiagha Aliazdeh; Mohammad Hossein Kianmehr
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 343-356
Abstract
abstractThis study investigated the pelletization ability of green pistachio shell residues, its effect on anti-nutrients, and several physical and mechanical properties of pistachio shell pellets produced with an industrial and custom-made pelletizing machine. In this experiment, the designed device ...
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abstractThis study investigated the pelletization ability of green pistachio shell residues, its effect on anti-nutrients, and several physical and mechanical properties of pistachio shell pellets produced with an industrial and custom-made pelletizing machine. In this experiment, the designed device was utilized with pistachio green shell residues containing 15% moisture, 1 mm particle size, and a temperature of 65 °C. To improve adhesion and reduce antinutritional substances of pistachio residues, bentonite, wheat, urea, and molasses were used at 3, 6, 4, and 5 kg, respectively, per 100 kg of pistachio residues. The density, maximum breaking force, breaking energy, phenolic compounds, tannin, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), (NDF) of the pellets produced were determined. Furthermore, the maximum breaking force and breaking energy of the pellets produced by the machine for testing biological materials were measured. The Student's t-test was used to analyze statistically the parameters measured in the pellets produced by two Peltzen machines. The research results showed that the density of pellets produced in the industrial machine was significantly higher than in the custom-made machine (p<0.05). Conversely, the breaking energy of the produced pellets in the custom-made machine was higher than in the industrial device (p<0.05). The amount of phenolic compounds, tannin, ADF, and NDF for the designed Peltzen device was 19, 26, 12, and 10% less than the industrial Peltzen device, respectively (p<0.05). In general, it can be concluded that the designed device improves the quality and reduces antinutritional substances in the pellets of green pistachio shells.